公共自行车多层次分区调度方法研究

公共自行车发展的制约性问题在于调度滞后,服务水平无法满足用户需求.从时间分布和空间分布两方面分析了公共自行车高峰期潮汐需求规律及其与用地类型的关系.创新地提出以上层调度区域、调度小区和站点为主的多层次分区调度方法.在详细分析了各层次分区流程及相关参数的基础上,提出结合虚拟小区与有时间窗的多目标优化调度模型解决区间调度问题,并且建立了小区内调度的最优路径模型.形成区间灵活调度,区内路径固定的半确定调度体系.案例证明该方法具有较强的可操作性.该方法在保证高峰期及时调度,减少不必要的绕行和拥堵时间,提高调度效率,减少盲目性等方面具有重要意义.     

大连新建地铁对公交出行选择的影响

为了分析城市新建地铁项目对居民公共交通出行的影响，改善公交服务水平，提高公共交 通的分担率，针对大连市新建地铁线路展开研究。以大连市地铁1 号线沿线站点作为研究区域， 采用SP （Stated Preference） 调查方法，收集了300 名地铁沿线居民对常规公交以及新建地铁两种 出行方式的选择数据。通过建立二项Logit 模型，分析出行成本、换乘时间等选择方案特性变 量，出行特性变量以及出行者特性变量对于居民出行方式选择行为的影响，并计算弹性值及模型 精度。结果表明，通过调整出行成本及换乘时间可有效提高地铁分担率。由此提出相关政策建 议：对于出行成本，可从出行者年龄及出行次数两方面制定不同的优惠政策；对于换乘时间，可 从提高可达性、完善购票系统以及调整发班频率三方面进行改善。     

Risk assessment framework for exposure of cargo and ports to natural hazards and climate extremes

There is an increase in risks and catastrophic losses in maritime transport including ports and cargo. Significant losses have been associated with large scale natural hazards, such as earthquakes, tsunami, cyclones, and other extreme weather events. This paper identifies the main gaps in understanding maritime risks in transportation research. The gaps are attributed to insufficient empirical work available from the maritime transport and logistics research community to guide multi-risk and natural hazards impact assessment on seaport and cargo. In addition, disaster studies communities have barely made adequate efforts to understand and assess port and cargo risks arising from multi-hazards and disaster events. This paper examines existing conceptual frameworks concerning exposure and risk assessments of natural catastrophe’s impacts. Furthermore, the paper identifies trends and gaps in risk assessment frameworks in the field of disaster studies that can be beneficial for maritime risk research. The authors propose a new risk assessment framework that can guide future research and multi-hazard risk assessment processes at different scales of maritime risks.     

应用第一性原理思维探索未来城市交通变革

第一届宝马未来出行青年实践营活动选取北京市三里屯地区作为研究对象,鼓励国内外青年学者对该地区进行仔细调研、深入研究,提出有针对性的解决方案。参与过程中应用第一性原理思维,对交通系统中的人、车、路和环境的关系进行系统梳理。第一性原理思维本质是通过发现系统的基本规律,突破性地对系统进行改进和变革。基于对三里屯地区现状公共交通、道路运行、出行环境等方面的分析,创新性地提出该地区未来交通系统的优化思路。方案涉及车辆共享、无人驾驶、空间维度、动态调整停车费、出行积分制等方面。结果表明,该思维方式是从底层规律研究问题,更容易得到创新性的解决方法。     

公路城际出行链模式划分及其形成机制

为划分公路城际出行链模式并分析其形成机制,本文考虑城市内部换乘过程,解析了公路旅客城际出行过程.利用昆明市1 757份公路旅客出行调查问卷数据,提取了公路城际出行链结构特征.通过测算出行链结构值,提出了公路城际出行链模式的划分方法,将公路客运城际出行链模式划分为Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类并分别获取了其形成机制.结果表明:昆明市公路城际通道的平均运距为237.95 km,公共交通是公路城际出行过程中城市内部换乘的主要交通方式;昆明市公路城际出行链的3类模式占比为13.9∶6.4∶4.7,整体结构较合理;其中,Ⅱ类出行链模式最能体现均衡、稳定的形成机制.对公路城际出行链的形成机制分析发现,收入因素是促使出行链结构合理化的重要动力;造成出行链结构不合理的重要因素是市内出行延误,而非城际通道出行过程.     

The planning and analysis of a new group rapid transit system: the SkyCabs monobeam system in Auckland

This paper examines a case study of the SkyCabs system as a way to alleviate some of the traffic problems of Auckland, New Zealand. SkyCabs is an elevated two-way monobeam carrying light eight-seater cabs on tracks on each side of the beam, available on demand, providing fast, pollution-free, unimpeded travel above the footpath with panoramic views of the city. The aim of this study is to investigate the attractiveness of implementing the SkyCabs system to and from Auckland central business district (CBD) and Auckland international airport by examining four variables: different routes, different number of stops/stations, different passenger demand levels, and different number of cabs in the system. The analysis utilizes geographical information system and simulation tools for the various scenarios considered. The results show that it is possible to assess the cost–benefit of alternative routes in terms of those four variables and rate of return on investment.     

How Do Governments Support the Development of Public Private Partnerships? Measuring and Comparing PPP Governmental Support in 20 European Countries

Abstract

Taking an institutional perspective, in this article we develop an index of the governmental support for public private partnership (PPP) — a ‘PPP Governmental Support Index’ (GSI) — which aims to measure the extent to which national governments provide an institutional framework that is either conducive or preventive for the introduction and diffusion of PPPs within transport infrastructure and other sectors. First, based on a substantive review of the literature, we define the elements of the PPP GSI, including the policy and political commitment regarding PPPs, the legal and regulatory framework, and the presence/absence of dedicated PPP-supporting arrangements. Second, we calculate the PPP GSI for 20 European countries, cluster them and compare similarities and differences in national governmental support of infrastructure PPPs. Third, we explore the potential link between national institutional index scores and infrastructure PPP activity in the 20 countries. Lastly, we discuss the potential and usefulness of the presented PPP GSI, as well as methodological limitations, and elaborate on how this index might be utilised to strengthen future comparative research on PPP in transport and other sectors.     

Integrated Transport System of the South-Moravian Region and its impact on rural development

It is generally presupposed that the infrastructure and availability of services of general interest (like schools, medical care, social services and also public transport) impact on present demographic development in rural areas, namely depopulation and aging. Such services affect the quality of life of local people and sometimes they perform a vital necessity. It is possible to say that the absence of the mentioned services should be compensated by an effective system of public transport. In other case, especially those people who are not able to use individual cars due to the age, health, legal conditions or financial situation are bequeathed on an assistance of the family or neighbors or they stay cut off and excluded. This paper is aimed at the verification of the presupposition in the case of the South-Moravian Region – NUTS 3 region occupying the south-eastern part of the Czech Republic, bordering with Austria and Slovakia. The research method lies in analysis of the frequency, travel time and fare of public transport system and its comparison with demographic development in rural areas, especially in the peripheral ones. The results are discussed in view of the system of central places in the region and present urbanization processes like suburbanization, counterurbanization and reurbanization.     

甩挂运输半挂车电子标识技术研究

针对现阶段的道路运输远程监控体系中无法识别半挂车的身份与特征信息的问题,通过对甩挂运输企业、站(场)、整车生产企业进行广泛调研,文中提出了基于RFID无线射频技术的甩挂运输半挂车身份电子标识技术要求,分析了电子标识具体技术参数的限值范围,为规范甩挂运输半挂车身份电子标识的发展提供了技术支撑。     

燃气蒸汽式弹射内弹道研究

燃气-蒸汽式弹射方式以其结构简单、温度适中、压力输出平稳等优点,被越来越广泛地应用到水下运载器的发射系统中,深入研究燃气-蒸汽式弹射装置的内流场对弹射装置的设计、改进具有重要意义.本文通过采用3种不同仿真模型对燃气-蒸汽式弹射内弹道进行计算,结果表明:对流场进行仿真计算时应同时引入汽化模型和组分输运模型,其仿真结果与实际情况更为相符.汽化模型对流场温度的影响比对压力和速度的影响更为明显.研究成果可为燃气-蒸汽式弹射装置的设计与改进提供理论支撑.